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▴ Proto-Turkic▴ Altaic etymology▴ Meaning▴ Russian meaning▴ Old Turkic▴ Karakhanid▴ Turkish▴ Tatar▴ Middle Turkic▴ Uzbek▴ Uighur▴ Sary-Yughur▴ Azerbaidzhan▴ Turkmen▴ Khakassian▴ Shor▴ Oyrat▴ Halaj▴ Chuvash▴ Yakut▴ Dolgan▴ Tuva▴ Tofalar▴ Kirghiz▴ Kazakh▴ Noghai▴ Bashkir▴ Balkar▴ Gagauz▴ Karaim▴ Karakalpak▴ Salar▴ Kumyk▴ Commentsface="Times New Roman Star"*ud-luk face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"hip, thigh face="Times New Roman Star"бедро face="Times New Roman Star"udluq (Orkh., OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"ud|luq (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"ujluk face="Times New Roman Star"ujluq (Pav. C. ) face="Times New Roman Star"utuq, otuq face="Times New Roman Star"ujluq, uwluq face="Times New Roman Star"ustux 'knee' face="Times New Roman Star"ustuq face="Times New Roman Star"ulluk face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 55, VEWT 510, ЭСТЯ 1, 578-579, Лексика 282.
face="Times New Roman Star"*u:-dy-, *u:-dy-k-la- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"to sleep face="Times New Roman Star"спать face="Times New Roman Star"udy- (Orkh., OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"ud|y- (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"uju- face="Times New Roman Star"joqla- face="Times New Roman Star"uju- (Abush. , Pav. C. ) face="Times New Roman Star"uxla- face="Times New Roman Star"uxla- face="Times New Roman Star"uzu- face="Times New Roman Star"u:qla- face="Times New Roman Star"uzu- face="Times New Roman Star"u:_, u:. 'sleep' (n.) face="Times New Roman Star"yjg|ъ 'sleep' (n.) face="Times New Roman Star"utuj- face="Times New Roman Star"utuj- face="Times New Roman Star"udu- face="Times New Roman Star"udu- face="Times New Roman Star"uqta-; ujqu (n.) face="Times New Roman Star"ujyqta- face="Times New Roman Star"ujkla- face="Times New Roman Star"joqla- face="Times New Roman Star"z?|uqla- face="Times New Roman Star"uju- face="Times New Roman Star"juxla- face="Times New Roman Star"ujqyla- face="Times New Roman Star"ux|la- face="Times New Roman Star"uju- 'to stiffen' face="Times New Roman Star"The form *u:dykla- is derived from *u:dyk 'sleepy', derived from *u:dy- 'to sleep', which in its turn is derived from *u: 'sleep' (preserved in Yak., Dolg. u:, Khal. u:). See VEWT 508, EDT 2, 42-3, 46-7, 49, ЭСТЯ 1, 579-581, 586-587, Егоров 342, Stachowski 247.
face="Times New Roman Star"*ujy- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"to stiffen face="Times New Roman Star"неметь, цепенеть face="Times New Roman Star"ujyrqan- joqurqan- (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"ujus?- face="Times New Roman Star"u>jy-, u>jys?- face="Times New Roman Star"ujus?- (AH ) face="Times New Roman Star"ujus?- face="Times New Roman Star"ujus?- face="Times New Roman Star"ujy- face="Times New Roman Star"u>ju>-, u>ju>s?- face="Times New Roman Star"ujvas?- face="Times New Roman Star"ujy- face="Times New Roman Star"ЭСТЯ 1, 582, ДТС 608.
face="Times New Roman Star"*ula- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 to extend, prolong 2 to attach, join (ends) face="Times New Roman Star"1 удлинять, надставлять, продлевать 2 присоединять face="Times New Roman Star"ula- 2 (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"ula- 2 (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"ula- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"u>la- (dial.) face="Times New Roman Star"ula- (Pav. C. ) 2 face="Times New Roman Star"ula"- 1, 2 face="Times New Roman Star"uli- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"ula- 1, 2 face="Times New Roman Star"ula- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"ula- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"ula- 1, 2 face="Times New Roman Star"ula- 1, 2 face="Times New Roman Star"ula- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 126-127, ЭСТЯ 1, 587-588. The original meaning was certainly 'to extend, prolong' - as seen also from the derivatives *ula-m 'still more, continuously' (ЭСТЯ 1, 591) (whence Mong. *ulam id., see TMN 2, 107), *ula-ju 'still more, as much as', *ulag 'order, relay, relay station' (ЭСТЯ 1, 588-590) (whence Mong. *ulag|a id., see TMN 2, 106, Щербак 1997 , 161; with the meaning 'relay horse' penetrated into some Ugric languages, despite Sinor 1965 , 312-315 who proposed an opposite direction of borrowing);
face="Times New Roman Star"*u:ly- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"to cry, howl face="Times New Roman Star"кричать, выть face="Times New Roman Star"uly- (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"uly- (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"ulu- face="Times New Roman Star"ula- face="Times New Roman Star"ulu- (AH , IM ), ula- (Pav. C. ) face="Times New Roman Star"ulu- face="Times New Roman Star"ula- face="Times New Roman Star"u:ly- face="Times New Roman Star"ulu- face="Times New Roman Star"ulu- face="Times New Roman Star"ъw|lax- 'to neigh' face="Times New Roman Star"uluj- face="Times New Roman Star"uluj- face="Times New Roman Star"ulu- face="Times New Roman Star"ulu- face="Times New Roman Star"u>ly- face="Times New Roman Star"uly- face="Times New Roman Star"u>lu>- face="Times New Roman Star"ulu- face="Times New Roman Star"ulu- face="Times New Roman Star"ulu- face="Times New Roman Star"uly- face="Times New Roman Star"ulu- face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 127, VEWT 512, ЭСТЯ 1, 595, Stachowski 243. Yak. has secondary shortening in a disyllabic stem.
face="Times New Roman Star"*ulug face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 big 2 great 3 grown-up, great face="Times New Roman Star"1 большой 2 великий 3 взрослый, крупный face="Times New Roman Star"ulug| 1 (Orkh., OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"ulug| 1 (MK , KB ) face="Times New Roman Star"ulu 2 face="Times New Roman Star"o"lke|n 1 face="Times New Roman Star"ulug|, uluq 1 (Pav. C. ) face="Times New Roman Star"ulug| 1 face="Times New Roman Star"ulu 2 face="Times New Roman Star"uly 1 face="Times New Roman Star"ulug| 1 face="Times New Roman Star"ulaxan, ulu: 1 face="Times New Roman Star"ulakan, ulu: 1 face="Times New Roman Star"ulug| 1 face="Times New Roman Star"ulug| 1 face="Times New Roman Star"uluu 2 face="Times New Roman Star"ulken 1 face="Times New Roman Star"u"jken 1 face="Times New Roman Star"o"lka"n 1 face="Times New Roman Star"ullu 1 face="Times New Roman Star"u"lken 1 face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 513, 520, TMN 2, 117-118, EDT 136, ЭСТЯ 1, 593-594, 630, Stachowski 242, 243. Turkic languages reveal two variants (*ulug and *u"lken, the latter being represented only in modern languages), probably interrelated. Despite Bang TB X and TMN 2, 118 it is hard to see any relationship between *ulug (hardly *ullug: some modern forms must have secondary gemination here) and *ul 'foundation'.
face="Times New Roman Star"*um-, *um-sa- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 to hope for 2 to envy 3 an object of hope, desire; hope face="Times New Roman Star"1 надеяться 2 завидовать 3 объект надежды, желания; надежда face="Times New Roman Star"umug| 3 (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"um- 1, umdu 3 (MK , KB ), umdu-c?y 'beggar' (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"um- 1, umsan- 1, umu 3 face="Times New Roman Star"omty-l- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"um-unc? 3 (Pav. C. ) face="Times New Roman Star"um- 1 (dial. Khorazm.), umsun- 'to experience a flow of milk in one's breast and a desire to feed a baby' face="Times New Roman Star"um- 1, umsun- 'to be disappointed', umaz?|aG 3 face="Times New Roman Star"ymtyl- 'to wait for food' face="Times New Roman Star"umzan- 1 (Верб. ) face="Times New Roman Star"umzan- 'to go in a direction', umza- 'to make smb. to go in a direction' face="Times New Roman Star"ъw|mza- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"umsu-gu-j- 'to become keen on, addicted', umnahyt (*umdac?yt) 'beggar' face="Times New Roman Star"umu- 1, umsun- 1, umtul- 'to strive' face="Times New Roman Star"umty- 'to dart, lunge' face="Times New Roman Star"ymty- 'to dart, lunge' face="Times New Roman Star"um- 1, face="Times New Roman Star"um- 1, umsun- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"umyt-, ymtyl- 'to strive' face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 155-156, 157, 158; VEWT 513, ЭСТЯ 1, 595-596. Some derivatives tend to merge with Pers. umi:d 'hope' (whence certainly Turkm. umy:t, Gag., Karaim, Kum. umut id.) Not quite clear is the relation of this root to the verb ynty- 'to yearn', Chuv. ъnDъ- (ЭСТЯ I 653-654).
face="Times New Roman Star"*una- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"to agree, be satisfied face="Times New Roman Star"соглашаться, быть удовлетворенным face="Times New Roman Star"una- (Orkh., OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"una- (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"una- (dial.) face="Times New Roman Star"una- (Бор. Бад. , Abush. , Pav. C. ) face="Times New Roman Star"una- face="Times New Roman Star"una- face="Times New Roman Star"una- (dial.) face="Times New Roman Star"una- face="Times New Roman Star"una- face="Times New Roman Star"una- face="Times New Roman Star"una- face="Times New Roman Star"una- face="Times New Roman Star"una- face="Times New Roman Star"una- face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 171, VEWT 514, ЭСТЯ 1, 596-597.
face="Times New Roman Star"*umny-t- (? -mn|-) face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"to forget face="Times New Roman Star"забывать face="Times New Roman Star"unyt-, unut- (Orkh., OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"unyt- (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"unut- face="Times New Roman Star"u>nu>t- face="Times New Roman Star"unut- (Pav. C. ) face="Times New Roman Star"unut- face="Times New Roman Star"unut- face="Times New Roman Star"unut- face="Times New Roman Star"unut- face="Times New Roman Star"unut- face="Times New Roman Star"undu- face="Times New Roman Star"undu-, un|du-, un|tu- face="Times New Roman Star"man- face="Times New Roman Star"umun- face="Times New Roman Star"umun- face="Times New Roman Star"ut- face="Times New Roman Star"unut- face="Times New Roman Star"u>myt- face="Times New Roman Star"umyt- face="Times New Roman Star"u>nu>t- face="Times New Roman Star"unut- face="Times New Roman Star"unut- face="Times New Roman Star"unut- face="Times New Roman Star"umyt- face="Times New Roman Star"unut- face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 179, VEWT 514, ЭСТЯ 1, 597-598, Stachowski 243 (reconstruction of *-n|- is possible because of forms like Oyr. un|tu-, Sag. un|du-).
face="Times New Roman Star"*uk- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 to understand 2 to hear face="Times New Roman Star"1 понимать 2 слышать face="Times New Roman Star"uq- (Orkh., OUygh.) 1 face="Times New Roman Star"uq- (MK , KB ) 1 face="Times New Roman Star"dial. ux- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"uq- (IM , Qutb ) face="Times New Roman Star"uq- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"uq- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"dial. ug|uz 'knowing much' face="Times New Roman Star"ux- 1, 2 face="Times New Roman Star"uq- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"dial. uq- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"ug|- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"uq- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"ug|yn- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"uq- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 511-12, EDT 77-8, ЭСТЯ 1, 584-585. Turk. > Hung. ok 'reason', see Gombocz 1912 .
face="Times New Roman Star"*ur- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 to beat, hit 2 to pour, strew face="Times New Roman Star"1 бить, ударять 2 сыпать face="Times New Roman Star"ur- (Orkh., OUygh.) 1 face="Times New Roman Star"ur- (MK , KB ) 1 face="Times New Roman Star"vur- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"u>r- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"ur- (Abush. , Pav. C. ) 1 face="Times New Roman Star"ur- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"ur- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"vur- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"ur- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"ur- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"ur- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"ur- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"hur- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"vъw|r- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"ur- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"ur- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"u>r- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"ur- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"u>r- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"ur- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"ur- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"ur- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"ur- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"ur- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 194-195, VEWT 515, ЭСТЯ 1, 599-600.
face="Times New Roman Star"*urag- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"female face="Times New Roman Star"самка face="Times New Roman Star"urag|ut 'woman' (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"u>rg|ac?y (dial.) face="Times New Roman Star"urg|ac?y (Pav. C. ) face="Times New Roman Star"urg|o|c?i face="Times New Roman Star"urqac?y face="Times New Roman Star"urug 'daughter' face="Times New Roman Star"urg|a:c?y face="Times New Roman Star"u>rg|as?y face="Times New Roman Star"urg|as?y face="Times New Roman Star"u>rg|asy face="Times New Roman Star"yrg|ac?y face="Times New Roman Star"urg|as?y face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 218, VEWT 515, ЭСТЯ 1, 603, Лексика 315.
face="Times New Roman Star"*urug ( ? *or-) face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 seed 2 child, girl 3 kin, kind 4 relatives face="Times New Roman Star"1 семя 2 ребенок, девочка 3 род, племя 4 родственники face="Times New Roman Star"urug| (OUygh.) 1, 3 face="Times New Roman Star"urug| (MK , KB ) 1, 3 face="Times New Roman Star"orlyq 1 face="Times New Roman Star"urug| (Sangl. ) 4 face="Times New Roman Star"urug| 1 face="Times New Roman Star"uruq 1 face="Times New Roman Star"uruG 3 face="Times New Roman Star"vъw|rъw| 1 face="Times New Roman Star"uru: 4 face="Times New Roman Star"uru: 4 face="Times New Roman Star"urug| 2 face="Times New Roman Star"urug| 2 face="Times New Roman Star"uruq 3 face="Times New Roman Star"u_ryq 1 face="Times New Roman Star"urlyq 1 face="Times New Roman Star"orloq 1 face="Times New Roman Star"urluq 1 face="Times New Roman Star"uryq 1 face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 516, TMN 2, 47, EDT 214-5, ЭСТЯ 1, 604-606, Лексика 115-116, 307, 323-324, Stachowski 246. Deriving the word from *ur- 'beat, hit' (VEWT ) is of course incorrect. Some forms reflect a variant form *uru-lyk. Turk. > Mong. urug| (see TMN 2, 51, Щербак 1997 , 162).
face="Times New Roman Star"*ul/a- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 small, minute 2 to become crushed, pulverized, smaller 3 to crush, pulverize face="Times New Roman Star"1 мелкий, маленький 2 дробиться, становиться меньше 3 растирать, дробить face="Times New Roman Star"us?a-l- 2, us?aq 1 face="Times New Roman Star"us?ak 1 face="Times New Roman Star"us?aq 1, us?al- 2 (Бор. Бад. ), us?at- 3 (Бор. Бад. , Abush. , Pav. C. ) face="Times New Roman Star"us?al- 2, us?o|q 1 face="Times New Roman Star"us?aq (dial.), us?s?aq 1 face="Times New Roman Star"us?aG 1 face="Times New Roman Star"us?a- 2, us?aq 1 face="Times New Roman Star"uzax 1 face="Times New Roman Star"uz?a- 3 face="Times New Roman Star"us?at- 3, us?aq 1 face="Times New Roman Star"u>saq 1, u>sat- 3 face="Times New Roman Star"us?aq 1 face="Times New Roman Star"usaq 1, usat- 3 face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 16, 262 (deriving the forms from uvs?a- which is hardly the case), ЭСТЯ 1, 617-618.
face="Times New Roman Star"*ul/ak face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"slander face="Times New Roman Star"клевета face="Times New Roman Star"us?aq (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"us?aq Tob. 'slanderer' (R ) face="Times New Roman Star"us?uluq 'suspicion' (Pav. C. ), us?aq (CCum .) face="Times New Roman Star"us?s?aq face="Times New Roman Star"usxax 'rumour' face="Times New Roman Star"us?aq face="Times New Roman Star"os?aq face="Times New Roman Star"us?aq 'conversation' face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 517, EDT 16 (confused with uvs?ak 'small').
face="Times New Roman Star"*ut- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 to win 2 opposite face="Times New Roman Star"1 выигрывать 2 напротив, навстречу face="Times New Roman Star"ut- 1, utru 2 (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"ut- 1, utru 2 (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"ut- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"u>t- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"ut- 1 (Pav. C. ), utru 2 (Бор. Бад. ) face="Times New Roman Star"jut- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"ut- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"utur 2 face="Times New Roman Star"ut- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"ut- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"ut- 1, udur 2 face="Times New Roman Star"uduru, udura, udur 2 face="Times New Roman Star"ut- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"ъt- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"utary 2 face="Times New Roman Star"utary 2 face="Times New Roman Star"ut- 1, udur 2 face="Times New Roman Star"ut- 1, uturu 2 face="Times New Roman Star"u>t- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"ut- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"u>t- 1, u>tu>ru> 2 face="Times New Roman Star"ut- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"ut- 1, uturu, utru 2 face="Times New Roman Star"ut- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"ut- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 38-39, 64, VEWT 517, ЭСТЯ 1, 609, 610-611, Stachowski 247.
face="Times New Roman Star"*u:c?a face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 rump 2 back 3 loins, buttocks face="Times New Roman Star"1 крестец 2 спина 3 задница, ягодицы face="Times New Roman Star"uc?a (OUygh.) 1 face="Times New Roman Star"uc?a (MK ) 2 face="Times New Roman Star"uz?|a 'hip' face="Times New Roman Star"u>c?a 1 face="Times New Roman Star"uz?|a (AH ), uc?a (AH , Pav. C. ) 2, 3 face="Times New Roman Star"uc?a 2 face="Times New Roman Star"uz?|a, uc?a 1 face="Times New Roman Star"u:z?|a 1 face="Times New Roman Star"uc?a 2 face="Times New Roman Star"uc?a 1 face="Times New Roman Star"uc?a 2 face="Times New Roman Star"v@w|z?|@w| 1 face="Times New Roman Star"uz?|un|ax 3 face="Times New Roman Star"uz?a 1 face="Times New Roman Star"uc?a 1 face="Times New Roman Star"us?a 1 face="Times New Roman Star"u>sa 1 face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 20, ЭСТЯ 1, 566-567. The Yak. form has an irregular -z?|-.
face="Times New Roman Star"*o:c?u- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 thin, light, easy, worthless 2 youngest 3 to diminish face="Times New Roman Star"1 тонкий, легкий, простой, дешевый 2 младший 3 уменьшаться face="Times New Roman Star"uc?uz 1 (Orkh., OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"uc?uz 1 (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"uz?|uz 1 face="Times New Roman Star"u>c?yz 1 (dial.) face="Times New Roman Star"uz?|uz 1 (Pav. C. ) face="Times New Roman Star"uz?|uz 1 face="Times New Roman Star"uz?|y:z 1 face="Times New Roman Star"oc?y (dial.) 2 face="Times New Roman Star"oc?y (Верб. ) 2 face="Times New Roman Star"uohun- 3 face="Times New Roman Star"uc?uz 1 face="Times New Roman Star"uz?|u"s 1 face="Times New Roman Star"uz?|yz, uz?|uz 1 face="Times New Roman Star"uc?uz 1 face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 32, VEWT 509, 356, ЭСТЯ 1, 567-568, Лексика 339-340. Some Kypch. forms (Tat. u>c?syz, Bashk. u>shu>d| 'cheap') are probably a result of reinterpreting uc?uz as uc?-syz "edgeless" - as a result of late folk etymology.
face="Times New Roman Star"*o"g- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 to knead, press 2 porridge, liquid soup (*'smth. pressed') face="Times New Roman Star"1 месить, мять 2 кашица, похлебка (*'давленая') face="Times New Roman Star"o"gre ( ? u"-) 2 (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"o"j-, o"v- (dial.) 1 face="Times New Roman Star"u">jra" 2 face="Times New Roman Star"u"gre 2 (Pav. C. ) face="Times New Roman Star"uwra, ugra 2 face="Times New Roman Star"u"gra", o"gra" 2 face="Times New Roman Star"o"j- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"u"gre 2 face="Times New Roman Star"u"re 2 face="Times New Roman Star"u"o"re 2 face="Times New Roman Star"o"j- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"u"jre 2 face="Times New Roman Star"u">jra" 2 face="Times New Roman Star"iwre 2 face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 112, VEWT 369, ЭСТЯ 1, 324-325 (*o"gu"-re 'porridge'), 515, 618-620. The root clearly has a *-g- and should be distinguished from *u":k- 'grind' q. v. sub *p`u:/k`n|i (although contaminations were possible).
face="Times New Roman Star"*u"gi face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"owl face="Times New Roman Star"сова face="Times New Roman Star"u"gi, u"hi (MK , KB , IM ) face="Times New Roman Star"o"ju" face="Times New Roman Star"o"ke face="Times New Roman Star"u"gu" (Sangl. , CCum .) face="Times New Roman Star"u"ka" face="Times New Roman Star"hu"vi face="Times New Roman Star"u"gu" face="Times New Roman Star"u"gu" face="Times New Roman Star"u"ku" face="Times New Roman Star"u"g@, u"x@ face="Times New Roman Star"u"gu" face="Times New Roman Star"hu"gu", hij-qus? face="Times New Roman Star"u"ku" face="Times New Roman Star"o"ko" face="Times New Roman Star"u"ku" face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 519, TMN 2, 156, EDT 101, Лексика 170-171, Федотов 2, 303. Some irregularities are explained by the root's expressive character.
,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,
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